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William of Ockham (besides Occam or even any of many more spellings) (c. 1285–1349) was an English Franciscan friar and philosopher, from Ockham, a small village in Surrey, near East Horsley. As the Franciscan, William was devoted to a life of extreme poorness. The pioneer of nominalism, some assume him a father of modern epistemology & modern philosophy in general, because of his strongly argued position that exclusively souls survive, like than supra-single universals, essences, or even forms, & that universals come a products of abstraction from either people per person mind and develop there is no additional-mental being. Ockham is occasionally considered an advocate of conceptualism rather than nominalism, for whereas nominalists held that universals were merely list, i personally.e. words like than existent realities, conceptualists held that it were mental construct, we.e. a list were list of construct, which wash survive, although simply upstairs. Ockham is as well considered one of a greatest logistician ever. Of these significant contribution that he manufactured to modern science & modern noetic culture was through the ockham's razor inside explanation & theory building that come to become referred to as Ockham's razor, which states that one should always opt for an explanation in terms of the fewest possible number of causes, factors, or variables. Summoned to Avignon in 1324 by Pope John XXII on accusation of heresy, Ockham spent four years there effectively under home arrest when his teaching & writing were investigated. In a period of time of this period, at the asking of Brother Michael of Cesena, head of the Franciscan order, he investigated a contestation between a Franciscans & the Pontificate on the doctrine of apostolic poverty, which had turn into central to Franciscan ism, however which was considered extremely dubious & even heterodox by each a Pontificate & a Dominican order. He concluded that Pope John XXII was the heretic, a position that he late put forth river inside writing. Prior even to a guide was reached just about the heresy or orthodoxy of Ockham's philosophy, he fled Avignin on May 26, 1328 with Michael of Cesena and two or three more mendicant. It sought a protection of Emperor Louis IV of Bavaria. Fallowing his declaration against a pope, Ockham is believed to keep close at hand been excommunicated, although historical sources change. He spent very much of a remainder of his life writing just about political issues, including the proportional authority & rights of the spiritual & temporal powers. He died around the convent inside Munich, Bavaria (now Germany), possibly as a symptom of the Black Death.
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Encyclopædia Britannica: William of Ockham Biography of this philosopher. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: William of Ockham Unsigned article which provides an overview of major concepts in Ockham. Catholic Encyclopedia: William of Ockham Biographical article on the fourteenth-century Franciscan philosopher. Ockham and Infallibility An article by John Kilcullen, published in The Journal of Religious History in 1991. Examines Ockham's view of indefectibility of the Church and of papal infallibility. Natural law and will in Ockham John Kilcullen's examination of natural law in the thought of Descartes and Ockham. Ockham on Universals Transcript of a lecture on the problem of universals and Ockham's answer. Nonconformist Church History: William of Ockham A Nonconformist reading of his theology. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: William of Ockham An overview of Ockham's thought by Paul Vincent Spade. The Ecole Glossary: William of Ockham Brief profile of the originator of "Ockham's razor." |
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